Successful treatment of refractory empyema using dual sheet covering.

Managing thoracic empyema with massive air leakage can be challenging. We present a case with thoracic empyema with multiple bronchopleural fistulae and extensive lung parenchymal necrosis due to drain injury. Emergency surgery was performed for respiratory distress due to massive air leakage. As direct sutures could not be achieved due to extensive parenchymal necrosis, polyglycolic acid and oxidized regenerated cellulose sheets were packed into the lesion. Although open-window thoracostomy was required for bronchopleural fistulae, the stoma closure was achieved via vacuum-assisted closure therapy. The dual sheet coverings contributed to the successful recovery by resolving multiple bronchopleural fistulae.