Design, Fabrication, and Cold Testing of a Ka-Band kW-Class High-Bandwidth Dielectric-Loaded Traveling-Wave Tube

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and initial testing of a Ka-band dielectric-loaded traveling-wave tube (TWT) with very high bandwidth. Applications for high-power mm-wave sources span radar (including imaging), biology, medicine, communications, national security, and other areas. Specifically, to achieve long-range, cm-scale imaging using synthetic aperture radar techniques, a radio-frequency (RF) source with an average power level of 1 kW and a bandwidth of 10 GHz will be required. We developed a novel Ka-band TWT architecture that approaches these requirements. To achieve a very wide bandwidth, we proposed to use a dielectric-lined waveguide slow-wave structure. A dielectric constant of larger than 13 is needed for the resonance with a 20-keV electron beam. In our design, we have used $\varepsilon = 20$ magnesium–calcium–titanate (MCT) ceramics. The two halves of the dielectric are shaped to ensure that the TM 11 -like mode has a flat electric field profile along the beam slot to accommodate transport of a 5-A sheet electron beam. The gain for the structure peaks at 33.25 GHz and is predicted to be 2.3 dB/cm with a total gain of 30 dB. The structure was fabricated and cold tested. Although the results of the cold test were inconclusive, we discuss possible reasons for discrepancies between simulations and measurements and propose simplifications to the tube’s geometry for future studies.