FAKTOR RISIKO ANEMIA PADA IBU MENYUSUI DI RUMAH TANGGA MISKIN

Anemia pada ibu menyusui menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat, khususnya di negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko anemia pada ibu menyusui. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2011 di kabupaten Tasikmalaya dan kabupaten Ciamis, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Desain penelitian cross-sectional yang melibatkan 229 ibu menyusui dari keluarga miskin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hemoglobin pada ibu menyusui sebesar 13,28±1,56 g/dl. Prevalensi anemia pada ibu menyusui sebesar 17, 9 persen. Analisis regresi logistic multivariate menunjukkan bahwa faktor kecukupan vitamin A dan umur ibu berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu menyusui. Ibu menyusui yang kekurangan vitamin A cenderung berisiko untuk mengalami anemia sebesar 4,58 kali setelah dikontrol variable umur ibu (OR=4,58; p=0,001, 95% CI: 1,86-11,26)  dibandingkan ibu menyusui tidak kekurangan vitamin A. Rekomendasinya adalah perbaikan gizi pada ibu menyusui melalui pemberian makanan tambahan maupun penambahan mikronutrien sangat diperlukan. Di samping itu, penyuluhan tentang penundaan usia kehamilan  juga bisa menjadi program alternatif pencegahan anemia. ABSTRACT ANEMIA RISK FACTORS IN LACTATING MOTHERS AMONG POOR HOUSEHOLDS Anemia in Lactating mothers is still one of public health problem, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to determine the risk factors of anemia in lactating women . This study was conducted from June -July 2011 in Tasikmalaya and Ciamis District s , West Java Province. Design of the study was c ross-sectional study involving 229 breastfeeding women from poor families. The result showed that the average hemoglobin in breastfeeding mothers was 13.28 ± 1.56 g/dl. The prevalence of anemia in lactating women was 17.9 percent. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors adequacy of vitamin A and maternal age were associated with maternal anemia during breastfeeding. Lactating women who were deficient in vitamin A tend ed to have anemia experience was 4.58 times after controlled by maternal variable s (OR = 4.58; p = 0.001, 95% CI: 1.86-11.26) compared  to those  who were not deficient in vitamin A. I t  is r ecommend ed  to improve nutrition among lactating women through supplementary feeding with micronutrients addition. Furthermore, the extension of delay marriage age is also an alternative programs to prevent anemia. Keywords: risk factors, anemia, lactating women