A Comparative Study of Affordable Photogrammetry Software for Reconstructing 3D Model of a Human Foot

Photogrammetry is a passive contactless three-dimensional (3D) scanning technique, its high efficiency can be obtained using a relatively straightforward procedure with affordable equipment among the techniques of digitalization and real object 3D modeling. Many industries have taken advantage of this technique for reverse engineering in industrial quality inspection, biomechanical image, and archaeological documentation by utilizing different software, either commercial or open-source ones for the 3D reconstruction process. This paper compares only the performance of free photogrammetry software as a research effort to find the alternative and affordable tools to easily generate 3D solid model without using any costly 3D scanning and reconstructing technologies. Three open-source code tools for close-range photogrammetry of a human foot model were employed in this comparative study. In addition, the computational requirements are also taken into account for the viability of its photogrammetry process, the performance is also evaluated based on the realism of the generated 3D model. The comparison results of the tools discussed, such as those with more optimum model quality and shorter processing times due to the good quality of the generated 3D morphology shape are Agisoft Metashape and the total time 20 minutes. The accuracy in this study is range of 97.08 to 98.70%. These 3D models will be very useful in the field of medical rehabilitation to diagnose the morphology and foot posture in term of improving the posture of the child’s feet since early treatment.