Case Studies of ONR-Supported Research.

Abstract : The purpose of the paper is to improve knowledge about the conduct of basic research programs on the basis of experience gathered in four Material Science programs: (1) Molybdenum and other refractory metals; (2) Boron components and inorganic polymers; (3) Cryogenics; (4) Dislocations. The historical beginnings of these programs are discussed; the development and evolution of the programs and their eventual technological and scientific importance are reviewed. It is found that all four programs were well selected and well managed; that interaction with the academic community was considerable; that the four programs had great impact on university curricula; that technology has benefited; that the research was sound and attracted outstanding researchers; and that the program trained students who have developed to become managers in DOD, NSF, AEC, and NASA. It is concluded that it may be possible to define and utilize criteria to measure probable success of a planned research program. It is also concluded that the determination of sequential steps and goals is necessary to a successful program and that it is possible to determine when a research program should be terminated. It is further concluded that adequate communication between science researcher and potential user of new knowledge does not now exist. It is recommended that new mechanisms should be established whereby scientists and engineers exchange information and help to guide research programs. (Author)