Adult Tinea capitis in China: A retrospective analysis from 2000 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: Tinea capitis(TC) is an infection of the scalp hair due to dermatophytes. Most commonly seen in prepubescent children, but data of adults tinea capitis(ATC) in China mainland are limited. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate epidemiological, clinical, and mycological characteristics of ATC in China from 2000 to 2019. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all ATC reported cases in China mainland, confirmed by mycological examination, by searching Pubmed, Wanfang, Weipu, and CNKI database. RESULTS: In sum, 40 papers involving 269 clinical cases were included. The average morbidity of ATC was calculated as 9.04% after standardization. The sex ratio is 1 : 5.2 (31 male, 163 female); 76 people between 18-44 age level and 137 people between 45 -89 age level were diagnosed as ATC. Culture or ITS sequencing identified Trichophyton violaceum in 70 cases (35.2%), Microsporum canis in 42 cases (21.1%), Trichophyton mentagrophyte in 32 cases (16.1%), Trichophyton rubrum in 23 cases (11.5%), Microsporum gypseum in 18 cases ( 9.0%), Trichophyton tonsurans in 6 cases (3.0% ), Trichophyton schoenleini in 4 cases (2.0%), Epidermophyton floccosum in 2 cases ( 1.0%), Trichophyton verrucosum, and Microsporum ferrugineum in one case (0.5%). ATC were easily to be diagnosed as furfur,seborrheic-dermatitis (13%)or pustular and dermatocellulitis(11.15%).Six immunocompromised persons were recorded (2.2%). CONCLUSIONS: ATC mainly involves postmenopausal women. T. violaceum, M. canis, T. mentagrophyte remains the most common etiological agent of ATC in China. Trichophyton rubrum own the much higher frequency in ATC than in children. For diversified clinical manifestations, recognizing ATC profiles will help clinicians avoid misdiagnosis.