Parental, family, and home characteristics associated with cigarette smoking among adolescents.

Abstract Purpose. This study examines the relationship between smoking-related parental, family, and home factors with adolescents' cigarette use. Design. Cross-sectional surveys of adolescents, via a self-administered questionnaire in classrooms, and their parents, via a telephone interview, were conducted. Setting. Fifteen suburban and rural communities within Minnesota. Subjects. The study sample included 8th, 9th, and 10th grade public school students and their parents. Measures. The dependent variable was monthly tobacco use among students. The independent measures were parental, family, and home smoking-related characteristics. There were 1343 parent-child dyads with completed surveys. Results. The final, multivariate logistic regression model found the following variables to be independently related to higher smoking rates among adolescents: child's grade (odds ratio [OR] = 3.03 for 10th vs. 8th), parents' permissiveness of adult smoking (OR = 1.80), parents' having higher normative estimates of ho...