A Multi-Source Coordinated Spinning Reserve Capacity Optimization Considering Wind and Photovoltaic Power Uncertainty

The uncertain nature of wind and solar energy has brought several problems to the power system. The economy, reliability, and environmental benefits of the system are difficult to be well balanced when the spinning reserve (SR) capacity is deterministic and supplied by thermal units alone. Hydroelectric pumped storage (HPS) has been widely used in the power system for its characteristics of flexibility and energy-saving. In this paper, a multi-energy system model including wind power, solar power, thermal power, and pumped storage is established to optimize cooperative scheduling of thermal units and HPS in terms of economy and reliability of the system. The power generation and positive and negative SR are supplied by thermal units and HPS together. Forecast errors of load, photovoltaic and wind power, and the forced outage rate (FOR) of thermal generators and pumped storage are considered as the sources of uncertainty. Sequence operation theory (SOT) is applied to process the uncertainties mentioned above and convert them into expected risk models to form the objective function, along with the economic model. Results indicated that the HPS can improve the reliability of the power system and bring economic and environmental benefits.