Diagnosis of VTOS: 2016 Consensus Guidelines

Venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS) is the second most common form of TOS. While seemingly easy to diagnose, there are some pitfalls and differences of opinions regarding classification. Treatment varies according to the underlying cause, so a clear understanding of etiology is vital for proper care of these patients. VTOS (with several subtypes) generally describes a patient with axillosubclavian pathology secondary to extrinsic compression at the costoclavicular junction. This diagnosis guides treatment, and while subtle differences of opinion exist, is recommended for all to agree upon.