Valoración del Impacto del Confinamiento por SARS-CoV-2 sobre la Composición Corporal de una Población de Futbolistas de Élite

2021 
The confinement due to a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has aggravated the physical and nutritional condition of elite athletes, modifying their training routine. Bioimpedance (BIA) studies body composition and is used to assess the evolution of medical, sports and nutritional interventions. The objective of the study was to observe if a specific nutritional intervention and prescription of physical activity could attenuate the changes in water, body composition, and phase angle (PhA) after confinement due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a population of professional soccer players. In a group of (22 professional soccer players (Serie A, Calcio, Italy) the BIA was evaluated before (February 2020) and after (May 2020) the confinement due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. During the confinement period, a specific nutritional intervention and prescription of physical activity was applied. The measurements of the participants were carried out in a standardized way, using anthropometric material and a multifrequency, octopolar and segmental impedance measurer of the "Tanita" brand model MC-780MA. Student's T test was applied for related samples. No significant differences were observed before and after the intervention period, in the degree of hydration and body composition (muscle mass and fat mass). On the contrary, a significant change in PhA was evidenced. These data allow us to hav a reference for nutritional and physical activity interventions that can minimize or reduce the impact of confinement on body composition. However, this type of intervention was not able to attenuate the effects of confinement on PhA, considered an indicator of cellular health. Likewise, we provide a reference vector graph, using Specific BIVA, of this population. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] El confinamiento por pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 ha agravado la condicion fisica y nutricional de los deportistas de elite, modificando la rutina de los entrenamientos. La bioimpedancia (BIA) estudia la composicion corporal y es utilizada para valorar la evolucion de las intervenciones medicas, deportivas y nutricionales. El objetivo del estudio fue observar si una intervencion nutricional y una prescripcion de actividad fisica especificas pudieron atenuar los cambios hidricos, de composicion corporal, y angulo de fase (PhA) tras el confinamiento por la pandemia SARS-CoV-2 en una poblacion de futbolistas de elite. En un grupo de 22 futbolistas profesionales (Serie A, Calcio, Italia) se evaluo la BIA antes (febrero 2020) y despues (mayo 2020) del confinamiento por la pandemia SARS-CoV-2. Durante el periodo de confinamiento se aplico una intervencion nutricional y prescripcion de actividad fisica especificas. Las medidas de los participantes se realizaron de forma protocolizada, usando material antropometrico y un impedanciometro multifrecuencia, octopolar y segmental de la marca Tanita modelo MC-780MA. Se aplico la prueba t de Student para muestras relacionadas. No se observaron diferencias significativas antes y despues del periodo de intervencion, en el grado de hidratacion y composicion corporal (masa muscular y masa grasa). Por el contrario, se evidencio un cambio significativo en el PhA. Estos datos nos permiten poder tener una referencia de que intervenciones nutricionales y de actividad fisica pueden minimizar o disminuir el impacto de un confinamiento en la composicion corporal. No obstante, este tipo intervencion no fue capaz de atenuar los efectos del confinamiento sobre el PhA, considerado un indicador de la salud celular. Asi mismo, aportamos una grafica vectorial de referencia, mediante SpecificBIVA, de esta poblacion. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Morphology is the property of Sociedad Chilena de Anatomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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