ZnS quantum dots and their derivatives: Overview on identity, synthesis and challenge into surface modifications for restricted applications

Abstract Among different inert materials, quantum dots have been qualified by their fashion proprieties especially those related to structure and sizes. This review talks about the structural identity and some relevant methods to synthesize quantum dots, there is a challenge in the adaptation of nanoparticles to fulfill the biological, chemical and physical applications which demonstrate the crucial role of the surface. Modifications of the surface, cross stepwise the electronic transition layers of the particles, contribute to the functionalization in order to incorporate atoms in the main structure or immobilize small molecules onto the surface which lead to a restricted application. Finally, quantum dots are revealed to be an attractive material that can be a support for large potential applications in the future.