Maxwell-Wanger/Debye Effects and Complex Impedance Studies on Bi4Ti3O12-0.04Fe2O3 Ceramics

Dense ceramics in the solid solution system, Bi4Ti3O12-0.04Fe2O3 (BIT-0.04Fe) ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state method. And the electrical properties were investigated by the dielectric and impedance spectroscopies. Moreover, the BIT-0.04Fe ceramic exhibit only one loss peak which can be analyzed in terms of the Maxwell-Wagner capacitor model at lower temperature, while the second peak related to the space charge polarization between the ceramic and electrode appeared above 920K. The Arrhenius plot of the total conductivity of BIT-0.04Fe ceramic indicates three different activation energies. The impedance complex plane plots of BIT-0.04Fe ceramic turned into one semicircular arc at 353 K and then to one semicircular arc and a line at 433 K and two single semicircular arcs at 513 K, which were analyzed as three different equivalent circuits.