ADVANCED CAPACITORDEVELOPMENT FORMARXED MODULATORS

optical thyristors switches, butcompact, longlife capacitors remain problematic. TheMarxgenerator is Sci-Eng Solutions isdeveloping advanced, high-energy comprised of32PFNstages, eachconsisting ofsevenLC densitycapacitors requisite to the demandingsections thatarenominally charged to33kV.TheFull requirements ofKlystron drive modulators inconjunction Width, HalfMaximum(FWHM)pulse length is1.8Fts, withtheStanford Linear Accelerator Center.Unique,whichaccounts forrise andfall times of200nseach.The nano-sized bariumtitanate and strontium titanate equivalent capacitance andinductance perstage is28nF dielectric powders areusedtofabricate highenergyand28~fHy, respectively. Accordingly, asevensection density ceramic capacitors. Thesecrystalline ceramicPFNhassection capacitance andinductance of-4nFand powders haveuniform spherical morphology andhigh -4~fHy, respectively. A simplified circuit diagram fora dielectric constant, withsintering temperatures aslowas single seven-section PFNisshowninfigure 1,andathree 1000°C. Theimproved microstructure ofthefine-stage MarxedPFNcircuit isshowninfigure 2. grained, sintered ceramicimproves uniformity and reduces dielectric breakdown relative toequivalent, large grained ceramics.Moreover, various dopantsor LOAD modifiers canalso beusedinbinary compositions totailor electrical performance forawiderange ofapplications. Thesize, purity andtailored compositions ofthenanopowders result inaperformance capability superior to convention ceramic technology; andtheultra-fine particle Figure 1.Simplified Seven-Section PFN sizemakesthese ceramic capacitors ideal fornumerous modulator applications, suchasdirected energy weapons U3 (highpowermicrowaves andlasers), particle beam accelerators, high speed rail systems, lasers, andadvanced= radars.