Numerical simulation and optimization of planar electromagnetic actuators

The design rules and characterization of planar electromagnetic actuators are presented focusing on numerical force simulation and maximization of efficiency. Theoretical simulations are carried out for circular concentric, circular eccentric and rectangular concentric placements of the magnet with respect to the coil yielding the highest forces for the circular concentric arrangement. As a result larger magnets or larger coils are not linked to higher forces in any case, thus an optimum magnet diameter for a given coil radius can be calculated and vice versa. With respect to the vertical distance of the coil to the magnet the optimum parameters are given. Dimensions and forces are derived in generalized units to facilitate scaling to other geometries. The simulations are excellently confirmed by experimental data of different coils and magnets.