Self-assembled organic-inorganic hybrids: Synthesis, structural, third-order nonlinear optical properties and Hirshfeld surface analysis of bis(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-ium) hexahalostannate(IV)

Abstract Two organic-inorganic hybrids viz., bis(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-ium) hexachlorostannate(IV) (1) and bis(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-ium) hexabromostannate(IV) (2) were synthesized and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The optical properties of the compounds were studied by diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectral studies. The thermal behaviour of the compounds was determined by thermo gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) concerning the temperature. The significant third-order nonlinear optical response shown by the compounds is disclosed by the Z-scan studies. The surface morphology and the elemental composition of the compounds were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. Bond valence sum (BVS) calculation confirmed the formal oxidation state of tin to be +4. Check continuous symmetry measure (CSM) calculation on SnX62− (X=Cl, Br) yields a value significantly near to the perfect octahedral geometry of the anions. The intermolecular interactions and their quantity contributions in the crystal packing were studied by Hirshfeld analysis and fingerprint plots.