Conductive hydrogels - a novel material: recent advances and future perspectives.

Conductive hydrogel is a kind of polymer material having substantial potential applications with various properties including high toughness, self-recoverability, electrical conductivity, transparency, freezing resistance, stimuli responsiveness, stretchability, self-healing, and strain sensitivity. Herein, according to the current research status of conductive hydrogels, properties of conductive hydrogels; preparation methods of different conductive hydrogels; and their application in different fields, such as in sensor and actuator fabrication, biomedicine, and soft electronics are introduced. Furthermore, the development direction and application prospects of conductive hydrogels are proposed.