Exploración de enemigos naturales nativos de Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh, (Díptera: Tephritidae) en tejocote Crataegus spp. en comunidades del centro de México.
2011
Population control of the tephritid Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh at hawthorn Crataegus spp. productive areas in Mexico is made under a conventional scheme, based on chemical insecticides. It's important to consider a possible transition to ecological agriculture, beginning with the productive unit, for which is essential the participation of the farmers. The inclusion of the social aspect in this study permitted to know the way in which the farmers deal with the phytosanitarian problem of this crop and the expectations they have about the solutions. With these bases, it was proposed to study the natural enemies with potential use for biological control of R. pomonella, supporting the conservation strategy of the plantations. 2734 puparia of R. pomonella were collected in two sites with presence of hawthorn and emergence of parasitoids was registered. The percentage of parasitism in both sites was 31.7%. From the total of parasites, 25% were Coptera sp. (Diapriidae), which is reported for the first time for this host; 3.4% were Utetes near canaliculatus (Braconidae); 2.3% were Diachasmimorpha mexicana (Braconidae), which is the first record for this species in this area; and finally <0.5% belongs to Hemipenthes blanchardiana (Bombyliidae), which is the first record of this family parasiting R. pomonella. It was also studied the abundance of the entomopathogenic fungi found on Crataegus spp. associated soils. In a four days field work, 26 cultures from three fungi species were isolated: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. From these, nine cultures were selected for evaluation of mortality effect in larvae and puparia of R. pomonella. The mortality rate of the larvae caused by B. bassiana shown no significant differences with the treatments (X2= 0.39, P= 0.853), the same occurred with the mortality produced by M. anisopliae (X= 0.24, P=0.788). There was no effect in the puparia mortality. This study represents the first precedent for the research of pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi against R. pomonella.
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