Legacy effect of constant and diurnally oscillating temperatures on soil respiration and microbial community structure

Laboratory incubation studies evaluating the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration often use measurements of respiration taken at a constant incubation temperature from soil that has been pre-incubated at the same constant temperature. However, such constant temperature incubations do not represent the field situation where soils undergo diurnal temperature oscillations. We investigated the effects of constant and diurnally oscillating temperatures on soil respiration and soil microbial community composition. A grassland soil from the UK was either incubated at a constant temperature of 5 , 10 , or 15 , or diurnally oscillated between 5 and 15 . Soil CO2 flux was measured by temporarily moving incubated soils from each of the abovementioned treatments to 5 , 10 or 15 , such that soils incubated at each temperature had CO2 flux measured at every temperature. We hypothesised that, irrespective of measurement temperature, CO2 emitted from the 5 to 15 oscillating incubation would be most similar to the soil incubated at 10 . The results showed that both incubation and measurement temperatures influence soil respiration. Incubating soil at a temperature oscillating between 5 and 15 resulted in significantly greater CO2 flux than constant incubations at 10 or 5 , but was not significantly different to the 15 incubation. The greater CO2 flux from soils incubated at 15 , or oscillating between 5 and 15 , coincided with a depletion of dissolved organic carbon and a shift in the phospholipid fatty acid profile of the soil microbial community, consistent with the thermal adaptation of microbial communities to higher temperatures. However, diurnal temperature oscillation did not significantly alter Q10. Our results suggest that daily maximum temperatures are more important than daily minimum or daily average temperatures when considering the response of soil respiration to warming.