Vitronectin and Fibronectin Function as Glucan Binding Proteins Augmenting Macrophage Responses to Pneumocystis carinii

β -glucans represent major structural components of fungal cell walls. We recently reported that Pneumocystis carinii β -glucans stimulate alveolar macrophages to release proinflammatory cytokines. Macrophage activation by β -glucan is augmented by serum, implying the presence of circulating factors that interact with β -glucans and enhance their ability to stimulate macrophages. Using β -glucan–enriched cell wall fractions from P. carinii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two prominent proteins were precipitated from serum and demonstrated to be vitronectin (VN) and fibronectin (FN) by immune analysis. Preincubation of β -glucan with VN or FN enhanced macrophage activation in response to this cell wall component. Because VN and FN accumulate in the lungs during P. carinii pneumonia, we further investigated hepatic and pulmonary expression of VN and FN messenger RNA during infection. P. carinii pneumonia in rodents is associated with increased hepatic expression of VN and FN as well as increased local express...