Endoscopic endo- and extra-orbital corridors for spheno-orbital region: anatomic study with illustrative case

Background and objective Management of selected spheno-orbital meningiomas via the endoscopic transorbital route has been reported. Surgical maneuverability in a narrow corridor as that offered by the orbit may be challenging. We investigate the additional use of an extra-orbital (EXO) path to be used in combination with the endo-orbital (EO) corridor.