Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in children

During the past few years,international nephrology and emergency medicine tend to change the nomenclature from "acute renal failure" to "acute kidney injury (AKI) ".In pediatrics,primary renal diseases are no longer the most common cause of AKI.Instead,the etiology is likely multifactorial,related to a combination of several factors,especially in the intensive care unit.And AKI not just significantly prolongs the length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit,but is associated with a significant increase in mortality.In this article,we will simply review the etiology and epidemiology of AKI,and analyse the differences between RIFLE criteria and AKIN criteria. Key words: Acute kidney injury;  Epidemiology;  Children