GEOGRAPHIC RACES OF CONOCEPHALUM (MARCHANTIALES) AS DEFINED BY FLAVONOID CHEMISTRY

An earlier proposal that Conocephalum conicum may exist as a group of geographic races is supported by a more extensive survey of the flavonoid glycosides isolated from samples across its Northern Hemisphere distribution. European, North American, and Asian samples are clearly distinguished, and sub-groups may be recognised within these broad subdivisions. The local Sino-Japanese species C. supradecompositum is clearly distinguished on the basis of flavonoid glycosides from C. conicum.