Lung Cancer Mortality among Male Nuclear Workers of the Mayak Facilities in the Former Soviet Union

Kreisheimer, M., Koshurnikova, N. A., Nekolla, E., Khokhryakov, V. F., Romanow, S. A., Sokolnikov, M. E., Shilnikova, N. S., Okatenko, P. V. and Kellerer, A. M. Lung Cancer Mortality among Male Nuclear Workers of the Mayak Facilities in the Former Soviet Union.An analysis of lung cancer mortality in a cohort of 1,669 Mayak workers who started their employment in the plutonium and reprocessing plants between 1948 and 1958 has been carried out in terms of a relative risk model. Particular emphasis has been given to a discrimination of the effects of external γ-ray exposure and internal α-particle exposure due to incorporated plutonium. This study has also used the information from a cohort of 2,172 Mayak reactor workers who were exposed only to external γ rays. The baseline lung cancer mortality rate has not been taken from national statistics but has been derived from the cohort itself. For both α particles and γ rays, the results of the analysis are consistent with linear dose dependences. The estimated excess relative risk per unit organ dose equivalent in the lung due to the plutonium α particles at age 60 equals, according to the present study, 0.6/Sv, with a radiation weighting factor of 20 for α particles. The 95% confidence range is 0.39/Sv to 1.0/Sv. For the γ-ray component, the present analysis suggests an excess relative risk for lung cancer mortality at age 60 of 0.20/Sv, with, however, a large 95% confidence range of−0.04/Sv to 0.69/Sv.