Economic Impact and Health Care Utilization Outcomes of Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Interventions for Persons With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Research.

PURPOSE Value-driven outcomes are important because health systems determine sustainability of diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) programming. Health care utilization and clinical outcomes are critical factors when considering the impact of DSMES programs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to describe studies that report on the economic and health care utilization outcomes of diabetes self-management programs. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed in multiple databases. Studies reporting economic and health care utilization outcomes related to DSMES and including 1 or more of the ADCES7 Self-Care BehaviorsTM from January 2006 to May 2020 were included. Eligible articles needed to compare the intervention and comparison group and report on economic impact. The methodological quality was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist specific to each individual study design. RESULTS A total of 22 of 14 556 articles published between 2007 and 2020 were included. Cost benefits varied, and there were considerable methodological heterogeneity among design, economic measures, population, perspective, intervention, and biophysical outcomes. CONCLUSION DSMES interventions may positively impact economic outcomes and/or health care utilization, although not all studies showed consistent benefit. This review highlights an evidence gap, and future health economic evaluations are warranted.