High-precision shaft part machining method based on multiple times of detection and compensation

Provided is a high-precision shaft part machining method based on multiple times of detection and compensation. The deviation of straightness accuracy of a guide rail, deviation of straightness accuracy of a part and deviation of the size of the part are compensated with a micro-feeding compensation device as additional hardware aiming at a digital controlled lathe. A cubic spline function is established, two times of compensation is conducted on the deviation of straightness accuracy of the guide rail through an interpolation method, the compensated guide rail serves as a standard, the straightness accuracy of the part is detected, and compensation machining is conducted on the deviation of straightness accuracy of the part and the deviation of the size of the part through the micro-feeding compensation device, so that machining of high-size-precision and high-straightness-accuracy shaft parts is achieved. The actual machining precision of the lathe is higher than the maximum machining precision of the lathe, so that the requirement for machining precision of the part is met. The straightness accuracy and positioning precision of the compensated guide rail can achieve the submicron-order precision.