Residual Carina Conduction after attempted Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation: when Anatomy meets Electrophysiology.

: In the early era of interventional treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), the EP community debated whether an electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins (PV) should be attempted as an electrophysiological endpoint or if simply voltage abatement without confirmation of PV isolation is fairly sufficient for a similar or even better outcome (1). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.