Preparation of silica colloidal crystal column and its application in pressurized capillary electrochromatography

Abstract Capillary column packed with silica colloidal crystals (SCC) exhibits great efficiency in liquid chromatography because of its highly-ordered structure and extremely narrow channels (about hundred nanometer in diameter) between the particles. However, problems arise due to the extremely high back-pressure created with its dense packings. It is also a challenge to prepare a stable SCC column with an appropriate length for chromatographic separation on a commercial instrument. We have synthesized monodispersed, sub-micron SiO 2 particles bonded with C18 functionality and fabricated SCC capillary columns up to 100 mm in length. The packing materials in the column displayed Bragg diffraction with blueish color under irradiation with white light, indicating the formation of SCC. The column performance was evaluated using pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) and column efficiencies of more than a hundred thousand plates per column (plate height