Enlaces zoonóticos del coronavirus SARS-COV-2

El 11 de marzo del 2020, la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaro al COVID-19 como una enfermedad pandemica. Al 21 de abril del 2020, se han registrado a nivel mundial en 210 paises y territorios, 2.528.396 casos positivos y 174.547 fallecidos por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Se ha sugerido que la enfermedad puede transmitirse en forma zoonotica de animales a humanos. El objetivo del presente trabajo de revision fue analizar lo publicado con relacion al enlace zoonotico del COVID-19. El SARS-CoV-2 posee una estrecha relacion con un coronavirus de murcielago, que fue identificado en Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823, en la provincia de Yunnan en China, donde se inicio el COVID-19. Un analisis exhaustivo de las relaciones mamifero-hospedero-virus ha demostrado que los murcielagos albergan una proporcion significativamente mayor de virus zoonoticos que otras ordenes de mamiferos. El pangolin Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822, es el principal sospechoso de ser el hospedero intermediario debido que, al compararse su material genetico viral con el del SARS-CoV-2, mostro una alta similitud. En relacion a los animales domesticos, se ha descubierto que hurones y gatos son susceptibles a la infeccion. En cambio, se replica mal en perros, y los cerdos, pollos y patos no son susceptibles al SARS-CoV-2. De igual forma, no hay evidencia certera que sugiera que los animales domesticos infectados tengan un papel en la propagacion del COVID-19 a los humanos. Palabras clave: enfermedad viral, COVID19, fauna silvestre, gato, murcielago, pangolin, zoonosis ABSTRACT On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic illness. As of April 21, 2020, 2,528,396 positive cases and 174,547 deaths from SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 have been registered worldwide in 210 countries and territories. It has been suggested that the disease can be transmitted zoonotically from animals to humans. The objective of this review work was to analyze what was published in relation to the zoonotic link of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to a bat coronavirus, which was identified in Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823, in China's Yunnan province, where COVID-19 was started. A comprehensive analysis of mammal-host-virus relationships has shown that bats harbor a significantly higher proportion of zoonotic viruses than other orders of mammals. The pangolin Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822, is the main suspect of being the intermediate host, because when comparing its viral genetic material with that of SARS-CoV-2 it showed a high similarity. In relation to domestic animals, ferrets and cats have been found to be susceptible to infection. In contrast, it replicates poorly in dogs, and SARS-CoV-2 is not susceptible in pigs, chickens, and ducks. Similarly, there is no accurate evidence to suggest that infected pets have a role in the spread of COVID-19 to humans. Key words: bat, cat, pangolin, viral disease, wildlife, zoonosis