Spatial distribution, P–T–t paths, and tectonic significance of high-pressure mafic granulites from the Daqingshan–Wulashan Complex in the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton

Abstract High-pressure (HP) mafic granulites in the Daqingshan–Wulashan Complex from the central segment of the Khondalite Belt of the North China Craton occur as irregular lenses or deformed dike swarms within dioritic–granitic gneisses and meta-sedimentary rocks. The HP mafic granulites contain three distinct mineral assemblages: a peak HP granulite-facies assemblage (M 1 ) that consists of garnet + clinopyroxene + plagioclase + amphibole ± quartz ± Fe–Ti oxides; a post-peak decompression assemblage (M 2 ) that is characterized by symplectites of orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + plagioclase ± amphibole ± Fe–Ti oxides; a late cooling assemblage (M 3 ) represented by symplectites of amphibole + plagioclase + Fe–Ti oxides. Pseudosection modeling using THERMOCALC in the NCFMASHTO system and conventional thermobarometers constrain the P–T conditions of the M 1 , M 2 , and M 3 assemblages to P  = 1.25–1.40 GPa and T  = 760–815 °C, P  = 0.72–0.80 GPa and T  = 825–860 °C, and P  = 0.69–0.81 GPa and T  = 645–730 °C, respectively. In-situ U–Pb dating of zircons show that the protolith ages of the HP mafic granulites are 2100–2000 Ma and the timing of peak HP granulite-facies metamorphism is 1960–1940 Ma. The medium- to low-pressure amphibolite- to granulite-facies retrogression occurred mainly from 1920 to 1820 Ma. Petrographic investigations, mineral compositions, metamorphic reaction histories, P–T calculations, and geochronological data define a clockwise P–T–t path involving near-isothermal decompression and near-isobaric cooling, which suggests that the Daqingshan–Wulashan Complex underwent initial crustal thickening from 1960 to 1940 Ma, followed by relatively rapid exhumation, cooling, and retrogression from 1920 to 1820 Ma. This P–T–t path was likely the result of the Paleoproterozoic continental–continental (or arc) collision during the amalgamation of the North China Craton.