Cistectomía radical laparoscópica: técnica y resultados en 100 pacientes consecutivos

Radical laparoscopic cystectomy. Experience in 100 patients Background: Laparoscopic cystectomy is a less invasive alternative than traditional surgery. Aim: To report our experience with laparoscopic radical cystectomy, the technique, results and complications. Material and Methods: During a 10-year period, 100 consecutive laparoscopic cystectomies for bladder cancer were carried out. The procedures performed were 57 radical cystoprostatectomies, 27 pelvic exenterations, 14 cystectomies with prostate preservation and seven radical cystectomies. An extracorporeal urinary diversion was performed in 92% of cases. Results: The age of patients ranged from 29 to 83 years and the male/female ratio was 3:1. As urinary diversion, an orthotopic reservoir was used in 49 patients, and ileal conduit in 32, Indiana continent reservoir in 10 and intracorporeal Sigma-rectum pouch (Mainz pouch II) in 9 patients. All Mainz II pouches were constructed laparoscopically. Mean operative time and blood loss were 279 minutes (range 180 to 375) and 436 ml (range 50 to 1.500) respectively. Eight patients (11%) had perioperative complications: five had vascular lesions, two had eviscerations and two had septicemia. Delayed complications were observed in seven cases (9%). Three patients had a urinary sepsis, one had a ureteral stenosis, two had spontaneous ruptures of a continent reservoir and one had an intestinal fistula. Mean hospital stay was 8.8 days (range de 4 to 28). One patient died due to an intestinal fistula and secondary peritonitis. Mean followup was 18 months (range 2 to 68 months). Ten patients (13%) had disease progression and died in long-term follow up. Conclusions: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy is associated with a reduced operative bleeding, a short hospital stay and acceptable morbidity.