Long-Term Consequences of the Effect of Copper and an Electromagnetic Field on the Size and Weight Parameters and Activity of Digestive Glycosidases in Underyearlings of Roach Rutilus rutilus

The long-term (postponed) consequences of the separate and combined effects of Cu2+ ions (0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/L) and a low-frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz, 10 μT) on roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) embryos have been studied, bringing to light the exposure to these factors to changes in the size and weight parameters, the activity of glycosidases (sucrase, maltase, and amylolytic activity), and the kinetic characteristics of maltose hydrolysis in the intestines of underyearlings exposed at a stage of embryos. Increased body weight, body length, and intestine length are revealed in fish exposed to the electromagnetic field and the combined treatment of an electromagnetic field and Cu2+ ions. Compared with the control, the activities of sucrase and maltase are higher, while the amylolytic activity is lower in roach exposed to different combinations of the factors. The electromagnetic field compensates the inhibitory influence of Cu2+ on amylolytic and maltase activity. The values ​​of the Michaelis constant (Km) of maltose hydrolysis in the intestines of underyearlings exposed to these impacts exceed those in the control. This result indicates a decrease in the enzyme affinity for the substrate, probably caused by the separate and combined influence of Cu2+ and the electromagnetic field on the roach during early development. These results are important for assessing environmental risks in industrial areas.