Dynamic nuclear polarization of {sup 29}Si nuclei in isotopically controlled phosphorus doped silicon

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) of {sup 29}Si nuclei in isotopically controlled silicon single crystals with the {sup 29}Si isotope abundance f{sub 29Si} varied from 1.2% to 99.2% is reported. It was found that both the DNP enhancement and {sup 29}Si nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time under saturation of the electron paramagnetic resonance transitions of phosphorus donors increase with the decrease in the {sup 29}Si abundance. A remarkably large steady-state DNP enhancement, E{sup ss}=2680 which is comparable to the theoretical upper limit of 3310, has been achieved through the ''resolved'' solid effect that has been identified clearly in the f{sub 29Si}=1.2% sample. The DNP enhancement depends not only on the {sup 29}Si abundance but also on the electron spin-lattice relaxation time that can be controlled by temperature and/or illumination. The linewidth of {sup 29}Si NMR spectra after DNP shows a linear dependence on f{sub 29Si} for f{sub 29Si}{ =}50%. Comparison of experimentally determined nuclear polarization time with nuclear spin diffusion coefficients indicates that the rate of DNP is limited by the polarization transfer rather than by spin diffusion.