The production and use of solid targets from gaseous elements

Abstract A method for producing solid targets from materials which are normally gaseous at room temperature is described. The system, which is based on a closed cycle helium refregerator capable of a lowest temperature of 10 K, can be used for all gases except H, He and Ne. The apparatus has bee designed such that targets a few mg cn −2 thick can be produced with very described, together with some examples of the use of isotopically enriched solid argon targets.