Association between adherence to dietary recommendations and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level in type 1 diabetes

Abstract Aims Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Diet, as a modifiable risk factor, may in turn impact systemic inflammation. We therefore assessed whether adherence to the dietary recommendations is associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations in type 1 diabetes. Methods Cross-sectional data from 677 FinnDiane study participants (48% men, mean ± standard deviation age 46 ± 13 years) were included. Dietary intake was assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. A diet score, with higher values denoting better adherence to the recommendations, was calculated. Serum hs-CRP concentration was measured, and individuals with hs-CRP 3.0 but ≤10.0 mg/l were compared. Results Men and women with high hs-CRP had higher BMI, waist circumference, and triglyceride concentration, but lower HDL-cholesterol concentration. Adjusted for BMI, mean diet score was higher in the low hs-CRP group, both in men (10.8 ± 3.6 vs. 9.9 ± 3.8, p  = 0.023) and women (12.7 ± 3.4 vs. 11.6 ± 3.5, p  = 0.021). After further adjustments with potential confounding factors, the difference remained significant only in men. Conclusions A diet that more closely adheres to the dietary recommendations is associated with lower hs-CRP in men. A prudent diet may help reduce systemic inflammation in type 1 diabetes.