Grifola frondosa GF5000 improves insulin resistance by modulation the composition of gut microbiota in diabetic rats

Abstract The aim was to investigate whether Grifola frondosa fraction (Mw > 5000D) (GF5000) could restore the gut microbiota dysbiosis to improves insulin resistance in diabetic rats. Oral glucose tolerance test and serum biochemical parameter were assessed of the hypoglycemic activity of GF5000 (112.5 and 675 mg/kg/d, i.g.) in diabetic rats for 48 d. The mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory markers in epididymal white adipose tissue were determined by qPCR and western blotting. In rats intestinal tissue, sequencing of the V3-4 region of 16S rRNA genes were analyzed. GF5000 significantly lowered fasting serum glucose (P