Cutaneous reactions to marine sponges and bryozoans

Marine sponges may have sharp calciferous or siliceous spicules which can cause an irritant dermatitis. Some may also be toxic and when handled, can cause pain, pruritus, erythema, and paresthesia of the affected areas. Bryozoans are plantlike animals and some are potent sensitizers. Bryozoan dermatitis is a major cause of disability in the fishing industry. Treatment of cutaneous problems related to Porifera and Ectoprocta are discussed.