Injectable cuttlefish HAP and macromolecular fibroin protein hydrogel for natural bone mimicking matrix for enhancement of osteoinduction progression

Abstract The biological macromolecules like silk fibroin (FIB) based injectable hydrogel on mimicking the extracellular matrix for effective tissue regeneration. Fabricated hydrogel composed of bacterial polysaccharides, hyaluronic acid (HA), which networks filled with hexapeptides, osteogenic stimulants, trace elements in the form of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and FIB protein. Natural HAP is isolated from the abundant sources of cuttlefish bone, and it conjugate with HA. The formation of HA-HAP and HA-HAP-FIB confirms by the FTIR and RAMAN studies by a change in the carboxyl group. Hydrogel exhibited the porous structure due to the bending of FIB betta structure, and even distribution of HAP particles confirms by SEM investigation. The biocompatible effect of HA-HAP-FIB hydrogel, improves the cell growth for 96%, and it was high cell survival compared to HA and HA-HAP. The highest cell proliferation occurs at the range of 8 μg/mL hydrogel due to faster biomineralization of cuttlefish HAP. Hydrogel antibacterial properties against S. aureus and E.coli with the zone of inhibition above 20 mm were obtained. The internalized nano-HAP, fibroin matrix dynamic structure, and hydrophilic polymer anchoring support make composite hydrogel to mimic native ECM. The newly formed injectable nanocomposite hydrogels, suggesting to fill irregular bone defects and improves the tissue architecture.