Role of cyclic diguanylate in affecting microbial community shifts at different pH during the operation of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification process

Abstract The intracellular cyclic diguanylate acid ( c -di-GMP) has emerged as a prominent second signal molecule that coordinates sessile-motile transition and biofilm formation in many bacteria. Herein, we study the role of c -di-GMP in affecting microbial community shifts at different pH levels during simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification process (SNAD) in integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor. The results demonstrated that the contents of c -di-GMP notably decreased in suspended sludge, whereas the contents of c -di-GMP in biofilm had no significant change as pH gradually increased from 7.5 to 8.5. Most of the bacteria ( Blastocatella , Brevundimonas ) with flagella that have been reported to be regulated by c -di-GMP were present in suspended sludge, and the microbial community structure of suspended sludge had obvious change than biofilm. The increased alkaline pH reduced intracellular c -di-GMP content for increasing the motility of bacteria to be washed out from the reactor, causing the microbial community shifts in suspended sludge. This change would lead to the increase of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria which would inhibit anammox activity. Overall, this study provided more comprehensive information regarding the shifts of microbial community induced by c -di-GMP in SNAD-IFAS reactor.