Mycobacterium simiae pulmonary infection unmasked during immune reconstitution in an HIV patient

Abstract Highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients may trigger the onset of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Among HIV patients with IRIS, infections are commonly due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria. We report the first case in Spain and the second in Europe of Mycobacterium simiae pulmonary infection unmasked during immune reconstitution in an HIV patient.