Real-time, automated, interactive cardiac electrophysiology testing

We describe a new automated interactive system that performs all of the functions required for complete evaluation of the intracardiac conduction system, for inducing, terminating and analyzing tnchydys-rhythmias, and for locating and characterizing accessory atrioventricuJar (AV) connections and ectopic foci. In the first year of operation, the system was used to conduct 220 electrophysiology studies. These ranged from simple postoperative evaluation of the conduction system to complete tachycardia studies during pharmacological manipulation of the patient. Patient age at time of catheterization ranged from 6 days to 70 years, with median age of 8 years and 7 months. Advantages accruing from automated electrophysiology testing with this system included great precision and accuracy of timing measurements, flexibility in designing and implementing pacing protocols, and rapid management of induced or spontaneous dysrhythmias. Significant savings of time and labor were achieved by computer generation of reports and graphs as opposed to manual data extraction and plotting. The single most significant advantage is the ability of the system to provide information on a real-time basis, permitting the electrophysiol-ogist to analyze, modify, extend or curtail the procedure.