Traumatic Giant Macular Hole

Traumatic giant macular hole is the full-thickness defect of fovea caused by blunt trauma and with a diameter of more than 1500 μm. The pathogenesis may be vitreofoveal traction caused by global expansion during contusion, or the inflammation and necrosis of the retina after injury. Optical coherence tomography can confirm the diagnosis and quantitatively measure the diameter. Traumatic giant macular hole is difficult to close, even after surgery. Several surgical techniques, including inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap, autologous ILM transplant, autologous platelet implantation, amniotic membrane plug, and autologous retinal transplant have been shown to promote the closure of giant macular hole.