The Measurement of Road-UserCost due to Traffic Congestion Considering Travel Time Variability

Traffic congestion leads to increases of both travel time and travel time variability. It is therefore necessary to consider the cost of increased travel time variability when measuring road-user cost. This study is separated in two parts. 1) An attitude survey was carried out to estimate the disutility function. Using this disutility function, we measure monetary values for travel time, travel time variability and exhaustion arising from congestion. The conventional theoretical hypotheses about the monetary value of time are substantiated by our results. 2) We first measure time waste and variable trip time due to traffic congestion on the Tokyo Metropolitan Expressway It is then attempted to measure the cost by multiplying these figures with the values of time and travel time variability estimated in 1).