Photon upcoversion devices

This paper presents our research and development effort in realizing and perfecting photon upconversion devices for wavelengths from 1.5 μm region to 0.87 μm. The basic idea is to integrate a 1.5-μm detector with a 0.87-μm light emitting diode (LED), connected in series. The detected photocurrent drives the LED, thereby achieving the upconversion. Various approaches of integration methods and device designs have been tested.