Promoted Osteoconduction of Polyurethane–UreaBased 3D Nanohybrid Scaffold through Nanohydroxyapatite Adorned HierarchicalTitanium Phosphate

The lack of optimal physiological properties, bacterial colonization, and auto-osteoinduction, are the foremost issues of orthopedic implantations. In terms of bone healing, many researchers have reported the release of additional growth factors of the implanted biomaterials to accelerate the bone regeneration process. However, the additional growth factor may cause side effects such as contagion, nerve pain, and the formation of ectopic bone. Thus, the design of an osteoconductive scaffold having excellent biocompatibility, appropriate physicomechanical properties, and promoted auto osteoinductivity with antibacterial activity is greatly desired. In this study, 2D rodlike nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) adorned titanium phosphate (TP) with a flowerlike morphology was synthesized by a hydrothermal precipitation reaction. The nanohybrid material (nHA–TP) was incorporated into the synthesized polycaprolactone diol and spermine based thermoplastic polyurethane–urea (PUU) via in situ technique followed by salt leach...