Three‐Electrode‐Integrated Sensor into a Micropipette Tip

This work describes the construction, characterization, and application of a three-electrode-integrated sensor into a micropipette tip. The three electrodes (working, pseudoreference and counter) are positioned at the end of a micropipette tip. The working electrode (graphite composite or gold microfiber) is placed inside the micropipette tip and the pseudo-reference and counter electrodes outside (diametrically opposed sides). This approach is candidate for portable applications and allows the analysis and studies in low-volume solutions (ca. 10 µL) which are useful for waste minimization and development of clean analytical methods. In addition, the three-electrode-integrated sensor can be easy used as detector in flow injection system through its direct joining at the end of polyethylene tubing of the FIA system.