Fcγ receptor polymorphisms and periodontal status: a prospective follow‐up study

Aims: The aims of this study were to assess: (i) the distribution of Fcγ receptor polymorphisms among patients with chronic periodontitis (“cases”) and control subjects with no/minimal loss of periodontal tissue support in a Caucasian population; (ii) whether these polymorphisms can serve as severity markers for periodontitis; and (iii) whether they have any bearing on the response to periodontal therapy. Methods: The study sample consisted of 132 cases and 73 controls of comparable age and gender. Full-mouth periodontal status was assessed. Subgingival plaque (PL) samples and blood samples were obtained and analysed with respect to 19 bacterial species and homologous serum immunoglobulin G titres. Polymorphisms in the Fcγ receptor IIa (131R/H) and IIIb (NA1/NA2) were assessed by polymerase chain reaction. Patients underwent periodontal therapy and were followed up at 4 and 30 months. Results: Neither polymorphism showed a skewed distribution among cases and controls. At baseline, periodontitis patients with Fcγ RIIa-H/H131 genotype had more PL and deeper pockets than patients in other genotype groups (p<0.05). Both bacterial levels and antibody titres were unrelated to genotype. The longitudinal analysis failed to detect an association between genotype and response to periodontal therapy. Conclusions: The present data failed to demonstrate a clinically relevant relationship between the Fcγ receptor IIa (131R/H) or IIIb (NA1/NA2) polymorphism and periodontal status.