Social participation of patients with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: The effect multiple sclerosis (MS) has on the social functioning and integration of patients has been recently considered as an important factor of the disease. OBJECTIVES: To assess social participation of MS patients with regard to demographic and disease-related variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 201 MS patients: 140 women, 61 men, aged 24-69 years. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) was applied to assess the aspects of social functioning and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was applied to evaluate the level of depression. Disease duration, degree of disability in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), most disabling symptoms and type of treatment were determined. WHODAS 2.0 scores (total and within particular domains) and their relationships with age, gender, disease-related variables and level of depression were analyzed. RESULTS: The results of WHODAS 2.0 for 27.4% of patients exceeded the 90th percentile compared to the population norms (with the highest scores for "getting around" and "participation in society" domains). The results of BDI and WHODAS 2.0 were strongly correlated (p < 0.001; beta = 0.73) and mobility impairment was related to both of them (p < 0.001; beta = -0.12 and 0.25, respectively). Other disabling symptoms were associated with scores in domains "understanding and communicating", "getting around" and "participation in society". CONCLUSIONS: Social participation of the MS patients is affected by the impact of disease and associated with depression. Particular symptoms of neurological deficit (motor and visual impairment, fatigue) influence social functioning more than general disease-related variables.