Profil Épidémioclinique des Malades Opérés de Lithiases Urinaires à l’Hôpital CMAO de Meskine-Maroua: Une Étude de 46 Cas

RESUME But. La ville de Maroua se retrouve dans la « ceinture de pierre » ce qui expose les populations aux risques de developper des lithiases urinaires. Le but du travail etait de decrire les caracteristiques de la pathologie lithiasique operee dans la population de la ville de Maroua. Methodologie. Etude transversale descriptive portant sur les cas de lithiases operes a l’’hopital CMAO de Meskine. Les operes devaient tous etre de nouveaux cas. Les parametres analyses etaient : parametres sociodemographiques, tableau clinique, origine des operes, topographie de lithiases, periode de l’intervention chirurgicale, traitement des lithiases urinaires, composition mineralogique des eaux. Resultats. 46 cas ont ete enregistres du 03 Mars au 18 Juillet 2014, dont 33 hommes et 13 femmes. L’âge des operes allait de 1 a 85 ans pour un âge moyen de 38,6 ans. La tranche d’âge la plus touchee se situait entre 46 et 60 ans soit 26,08% des operes, parmi lesquels on retrouve plus de cultivateurs avec une proportion de 52,27%. Geographiquement, le departement du Mayo-Kani etait le plus touche (34,78% des cas). Le type de lithiase le plus rencontre etait la lithiase vesicale (56,52%), puis la lithiase renale droite. La symptomatologie etait dominee par la colique nephretique. Les lithiases urinaires les plus frequentes etaient organiques. La technique chirurgicale pratiquee etait la chirurgie a ciel ouvert. Conclusion. La pathologie lithiasique operee atteint en regle le sujet adulte rural. Elle est de topographie vesicale ou renale droite. Sa survenue pourrait etre favorisee par la qualite de l’eau de boisson dans la region et le climat sec et chaud. ABSTRACT Introduction. The town of Maroua (Far North) is located at the "stone belt" which exposes the populations the risks to develop urinary lithiasis. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemioclinical pattern of patients operated for urinary stone in one hospital of Maroua Town Methods. This was a cross sectional descriptive study concerning all patients with urinary stone operated at the of Maroua. The following data were analyzed: sociodemographic data, clinical features, geographic origin, topography of lithiasis, month of intervention, type of surgery and mineral composition of drinkable water. Results. 46 cases were recorded from 03 March to 18 July 2014 (33 males and 13 females). Their age ranged from 1 to 85 years, with an average age of 38.6 years. Those between 46 and 60 years were most concerned, as well as farmers. The Mayo-Kani division was the most affected area (34.78% cases). Lithiasis was found mainly in the bladder (56.52%) or the right kidney. Clinical presentation was dominated by renal colic. Urinary lithiasis was mostly organic. The main surgical technique was open surgery. Mineralogical analysis of drinkable water showed high concentration of calcium and magnesium. Conclusion. Urinary stone affects mainly adults from rural areas. Urinary bladder and right kidney are the commonest sites. The high frequency of the disease may be due to the high concentration of calcium and magnesium in drinkable water and hot dry climate of the far north region.