La repetición del intento de suicidio: un estudio de seguimiento

2019 
espanolIntroduccion. Existe una fuerte asociacion entre quienes repiten un intento de suicidio (IS) y quienes lo consuman. Por ello el seguimiento de la intervencion de estos pacientes es fundamental. En este estudio: se establece el perfil sociodemografico y clinico de personas atendidas en urgencias psiquiatricas por un IS, en funcion del sexo; se determina la prevalencia de reintentos en un periodo de seis meses; se compara el perfil de los pacientes que repiten o no el IS; y se evaluan variables predictoras de la repeticion. Metodologia. Se entrevisto a 207 pacientes (122 mujeres y 85 hombres) que acudieron a urgencias psiquiatricas por un IS (enero-octubre de 2015), y se reviso su historia clinica a los 6 meses. Resultados. Las mujeres presentaron una menor letalidad en la conducta suicida. Un 14% de la muestra (n=29) repitio un IS en los 6 meses siguientes y 2 personas fallecieron por suicidio; 3 fallecieron por otras causas. Los pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Hospitalizacion Psiquiatrica presentaron mas reintentos ( X2=4,1; g.l.=1; p=0,043). En el analisis multivariable, de todas las variables analizadas, la unica asociada a la repeticion del intento fue encontrarse en tratamiento en salud mental al incluirse en el estudio (OR=3,504; p=,009; I.C.95%=1,361–9,018). En el periodo de seguimiento se incremento un 21,7% los pacientes tratados en salud mental. Conclusiones. El riesgo de repeticion tras ser tratado en urgencias psiquiatricas por IS es critico los meses posteriores, siendo necesario mejorar los programas de prevencion e intervencion destinados a mejorar estas cifras. EnglishIntroduction. There is a strong association between those who re-attempt a suicide attempt and those who complete it. Therefore, follow-up on the interventions car- ried out for suicidal patients is essential. This study investigated the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of individuals admitted as psychiatric emergencies after a suicide attempt according to sex, determined the prevalence of re-attempts in a period of six months, compared the profiles of patients who engaged in repeated suicide attempts to those who did not, and evaluated predictive variables for repeated suicide attempts. Methodology. A total of 207 patients (122 women and 85 men) who went to the psychiatric emergency room for a suicide attempt (January-October 2015) were interviewed, and their clinical histories were reviewed at 6 months. Results. Lethal suicidal behaviour was lower in women. Fourteen percent of the sample (n=29) repeated a suicide attempt in the following 6 months, and 2 people died by suicide; 3 died from other causes. The patients admitted to the Psychiatric Hospitalization Unit presented with more re-attempts (X2=4.1; d.f.=1; p=0.043). In the multivariate analysis, of all the variables analysed, the only one associated with repeated suicide attempts was having been in mental health treatment upon inclusion into the study (OR=3.504, p=0.009, CI95%: 1.361–9.018). In the follow-up period, the percentage of patients who engaged in mental health treatment increased 21.7%. Conclusions. The risk of recurrence after being treated for a suicide attempt psychiatric emergency is high in the months following an attempt, and it is necessary to improve prevention and intervention programmes aimed at improving these figures.
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