Analysis of the jam signal effect against the conical-scan seeker

There remains a wide proliferation of second-generation frequency-modulated conical-scan seekers in the hands of irregular forces while the understanding of what makes a jam signal effective remains unclear. It is generally known that the jam-to-signal (J/S) ratio, the jam signal frequency, and the duty cycle are the parameters that need consideration when developing an effective jam code, but the effect of using different jammer waveforms is not generally known. Our study investigates the effect of using different jammer waveforms namely: the fixed carrier, low frequency, amplitude modulation (AM), and frequency-modulation jam codes, for jam signal analysis. Of the tested jam signals, it was found that the AM jam code is most effective in countering the conical-scan seeker due to the amplitude variations created by the jam signal.